The Yuanyangxi deep-cutting canyon is developed in volcanic rocks and controlled by the  NW-extending faults. The canyon has a total length of 18km and a free fall height of over 300 m.  The width of the canyon is changeable. Some can be several tens of meters, but some are less than 2 m. The cliff walls are straight and steep, waterfalls are falling from height, the stream is sinuous, and pools appear frequently. Therefore, this canyon scenery is an integration of stream, waterfall,  pool, peak, rock, cave and forest, quiet but majestic

1 Speaker Waterfall

The speaker waterfall is about 20 meters high and 5  meters wide at the bottom. How is the speaker-shaped  waterfall formed? The welded tuffs grow serried joints. Under  the flow erosion, the rocks on the top of the cliff were cut into  conic cliff. And the water falls down towards all sides along  the conic cliff, just like a standing louder-speaker, so it is  named “speaker waterfall”

2 Hundred waterfall

How is the majestic hundred waterfall formed? Under  the effect of crust stress, the volcanic rocks here grow two  nearly perpendicular joints in the direction of north-east and  north-west. Undergoing the flow erosion, the rocks collapse  down in the dense joints. And it formed the round valley with  the width of about 100 meters. The Yiyang stream was cut  into cliff-bed, and the water falls into the bottom from the top  of the cliff like a jumping dragon. The hundred waterfall is  consists of two-grade waterfalls which is about 150 meters  high, and about 10 meters wide. And it is the beautiful  scenery in the Baishuiyang national geopark.

3 Queqiao（Magpie-bridge）Waterfall

This is one of the Yiyang waterfall series. It is a typical  two-layer waterfall, about 20 m high and 5 m wide. The  waterfall is so names because there is a bridge over the  waterfall。

4 Big white rock （couple peak）

The big white rock standing on the bank of  the mandarin duck stream is a cluster of cliff  landscape of volcanic, which consists several  stone castles and stone stelaes. These stone  castles and the stone stelaes stand so close that  the big white rock looks like a couple of sweeties. So it is also called “Couple Peak”. The cliff of Big white rock is magnificent with the  height of about 150 meters, and wide about 100 meters. The sequence of volcanic sediment and  flow structure on the cliff can be clearly seen. And it is also a nature section to observe the  volcanic eruption and sediment.

5 Qiandie （multi-level）Waterfall

The Qiandie Waterfall is the last level of  the Baizhangji Waterfall in the Yuanyang  Stream. It is about 100m high and 5m wide. The  water is pouring down form the cliff that was  formed by NWoriented faults, and spreads as a  fan, forming a majestic fan-like waterfall.

6 Xiao Hukou Waterfall

How is the splendid Xiao Hukou  Waterfall formed? This place is situated between the two group fractures in the direction of  northeast and north-west. Here, the riverbed was cut into cliff-bed by the fracture with the height  of more than 10 meters. In the cliff, the riverbed was eroded deeply by the running water tracing  to the source. The upriver stream flowed into the deep and narrow riverway, and formed waterfall  there. This is a beautiful landscape of waterfall as “thousand miles waves in a pot” in mandarin  duck stream.

7 Xiao Wu Gorge

The gorge is 1.5 meters wide in the gap,  the cliffs on both sides are about 20 meters high.  The torrents of mandarin duck stream is rushing  into the Weng swag from the gap. The Xiao Wu  Gorge is formed by stream erosion along the  fracture of 40 ° in northeast direction. In the  entrance to Weng swag, it formed the cliff and  falling water. After long-terms erosion, the riverbed was cut deeply and then formed the deep  swag.

8 Xiannu（Fairy）Waterfall

Located on the right side of the Yuanyang Stream, by the  Changtanwei, the waterfall is some 100m high and 3m wide.  This is a four-level waterfall. The falling of the water from the  cliff is so mild that you may feel like fairies coming down  from heaven, and hence the name.

9 The Wavy Cliff of Xian Yan  valley

Why the cliff of Xianyan valley is wavy in transverse and  lengthways? The lateral erosion of the river makes the  riverbed in a “S” shape along the horizontal direction. When the crust uplifted, it formed the new river quay because of the vertical erosion. In different periods,  the river construction, water volume, and rock quality of riverbed are different, so the lateral  erosion is different. As a result the cliff eroded forms a waving “S” shape on the vertical and  horizontal direction.

10 Water Erosion Platform

The vertivcal and lateral erosion of the  river change the elevation and shape of the  riverbed gradually. During the diastrophism  stable time, the current eroded riverbed  along the nearly horizontal bedding and  joints slowly. And it formed the level  riverbed. After the crust uplifted, it formed  the new riverbed because of the vertical  erosion of the river, and the original riverbed  formed the present level water erosion platform.

11 Erosion grooves on bedrock platform

How were the erosion grooves on the  riverbed platform formed? The rocks of the riverbed are different in  lithology. The long-term erosion and wearing  by the river-carried sands and pebbles on the rocks can produce concaved pits. The further  enlargement and development of the pits finally formed these grooves with various types. The  long axis of some shuttle-like grooves can indicate the direction of the current.

12 Volcanic bomb

Volcanic bomb, a mass ejected from a  volcano, often of molten lava having rounded  or spindle forms, cooling as a mess with the  diameter large than 64mm when falling down.  They often accumulated near the volcano crater,  or on the slope of crater cone.

13 Tiger Mouth Rock

How is the tiger mouth rock embedded in  the cliff formed? It is a groove along the volcanic rock bed,  formed by the weathering, running water  erosion and gravity collapse along the nearly  horizontal bedding and joints. The groove  extends to north-east, and is about 30 meters long, 1.5～3 meters high and 0.5-3 meters deep.  The top of the groove inclines towards  north-west, and the bottom is straight. Standing on the Tiger mouth rock and looking around, you  can see all the beautiful scene of mandarin duck valley.

14 Qingling (Lovers’Valley)–a water flow erosion-generated valley

If large scale vertical fissure and joint zones exist in the volcanic rocks, later water flow can erode and cut deeply through the rocks along the fissures and  joints. This can form V-shaped valley with straight steep walls and uneven base. The Qingling here is a steep V-shaped valley with more than 1,200 steps. Climbing up with  your lover, you can feel very romantic and exciting.

15 Rhythm of volcanic eruption

The rhythm of volcanic eruption is shown by a series of  regular changes in the composites of erupted volcanic  materials, eruption intensity, and volcanic active manners. Here you can clearly see regularly-repeated appearance  of rhyolite, agglomerate, ignimbrite, and bubbled rhyolite on  the cliff surface, showing the rhythm of the volcanic eruption  at that time.